In molecular biology, RNA polymerase (abbreviated RNAP or RNApol), or more specifically DNA-directed/dependent RNA polymerase (DdRP), is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactions that synthesize RNA from a DNA template.

RNA polymerase 1 (also known as Pol I) is, in higher eukaryotes, the polymerase that only transcribes ribosomal RNA (but not 5S rRNA, which is synthesized by RNA polymerase III), a type of RNA that accounts for over 50% of the total RNA synthesized in a cell. [1]

RNA polymerase II (RNAP II and Pol II) is a multiprotein complex that transcribes DNA into precursors of messenger RNA (mRNA) and most small nuclear RNA (snRNA) and microRNA. [1][2] It is one of the three RNAP enzymes found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. [3] .

Jul 17, 2023 · RNA polymerase, abbreviated RNAP and officially known as DNA-directed RNA polymerase, is found in all living organisms as well as many viruses. Present in bacteria, archaea, and even eukaryotes, these RNAPs all share similar protein core …

Nov 7, 2023 · The RNA polymerase is primarily responsible for transcription, the process by which a template DNA strand is used to form RNA. RNA polymerase produces all types of RNA, including messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), microRNA (miRNA), and even non-coding RNAs and ribozymes.

In this review, we detail the structure and mechanism of over a dozen factors that govern Pol II initiation (e.g., TFIID, TFIIH, and Mediator), pausing, and elongation (e.g., DSIF, NELF, PAF, and P-TEFb).

Aug 8, 2024 · RNA polymerase II (RNA Pol II)-mediated transcription is a critical, highly regulated process aided by protein complexes at distinct steps.

Nov 14, 2016 · RNA polymerase I (Pol I) is a highly processive enzyme that transcribes ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and regulates growth of eukaryotic cells 1, 2, 3, 4.

Nov 7, 2024 · RNA Pol occupancy scores are defined globally across 50-bp bins by assigning adjusted Poisson probabilities determined against maximum, bin-specific lambda scores. Global RNA Pol scoring recovers canonical polymerase-gene dominance at rRNA (RNA Pol I), snoRNA (RNA Pol II), and tRNA (RNA Pol III).

Here we review promoter-dependent transcription by Pol III as an evolutionary perspective of eukaryotic tRNA expression. Pol III also provides nonconventional functions reportedly by promoter- in dependent transcription, one of which is RNA synthesis from DNA 3′ …