There are many types of pit latrines. When excrement fall directly into a pit beneath the user, it’s referred to as a direct pit latrine. When excreta goes through pipe or a channel to a pit a couple of meters away, it is called an offset pit latrine. It may be called a partly offset pit latrine when part of the pit is under the shelter and ...

Ventilated Improved Pit (VIP) Latrine Ventilated improved pit latrines, commonly known as VIP latrines, are an improvement to overcome the disadvantages of the simple pit latrines. The main problems associated with traditional simple pit latrines, i.e. fly and mosquito nuisance and unpleasant odors are effectively minimized by the action of a ...

The on-site sanitation system has, over the years, been developed and improved into a lot of different designs like ventilated improved pit latrine, pour-flush single and double pit latrines, septic tanks etc.The basic on-site systems are primarily designed to dispose of human excreta. Waste waters from cooking, cloths washing and bathing are ...

how do septic tanks work. Anaerobic bacteria degrade the organic matter in the sludge as well as in the scum and as a result of this bacterial action, volatile acids are formed at the first instance and eventually are converted mostly to water, carbon dioxide, and methane.

For a good building foundation construction, there are some requirements to be followed in general. These helps foundation to provide stability and increase bearing capacity.

Septic Tank Construction Methods and Materials. The most important aspect of septic tank construction is that the tank should be installed on a level grade and at a depth that provides adequate gravity flow from the home and matches the invert elevation of the house sewer.

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Septic Tank Size Dimensions Weight (lbs) Anchor Weight (lbs) Soil Cover (in) 5000 gal: 204″L x 96″W x 93″H ...

Preliminary Investigation. Preliminary investigation will be made and preliminary estimate will be prepared together with sketch plans by a construction professional like those at Tony’s Roofing Services LLC.

Well Graded Aggregate. Dense and well graded aggregates are desirable for making concrete, as the space between larger particles is effectively filled by smaller particles to produce a well-packed structure.