Patulin is an organic compound classified as a polyketide. It is named after the fungus from which it was isolated, Penicillium patulum. It is a white powder soluble in acidic water and in organic solvents. It is a lactone that is heat-stable, so it is not destroyed by pasteurization or thermal denaturation. [2] .

Sep 26, 2024 · Patulin is a mycotoxin produced by Penicillium, Aspergillus and Byssochylamys molds that grow on fruit, grains, and cheese. The best-known example is patulin in juice or cider made from apples.

Patulin is viewed as a natural contaminant in apple-based products, particularly apple juice and unfermented apple cider. Initially identified as a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent, patulin was reclassified as a mycotoxin in the 1960s because of its acute toxicity in human beings [5].

Patulin and Alternaria toxins are among the most commonly encountered mycotoxins in fruit and their derived products. In this review, the sources, toxicity, and regulations related to these mycotoxins, as well as their detection and mitigation strategies are widely discussed.

Oct 2, 2023 · Patulin is a mycotoxin produced by a variety of moulds, particularly Aspergillus, Penicillium and Byssochlamys. Often found in rotting apples and apple products, patulin can also occur in various mouldy fruits, grains and other foods.

Patulin is a furopyran and lactone that is (2H-pyran-3 (6H)-ylidene)acetic acid which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 4 and in which the hydroxy group at position 4 has condensed with the carboxy group to give the corresponding bicyclic lactone.

Patulin is one of the most widely disseminated mycotoxins found in agricultural products. It is produced by several species of molds including Penicillium, Aspergillus and Byssochlamys (Ioi, Zhou, Tsao, & Marcone, 2017).

Jul 30, 2021 · Patulin (PAT), a mycotoxin, is a polyketide lactone (4-hydroxy-4H-furo [3,2-c]pyran-2 (6H)-one) produced primarily by Penicillium, Aspergillus and Byssochlamys species. PAT was found to grow significantly on fruits like apples, pears, and grapes (Joshi et al., 2013).

Patulin is a toxic chemical contaminant produced by several species of mold, especially within Aspergillus, Penicillium and Byssochlamys. It is the most common mycotoxin found in apples and apple-derived products such as juice, cider, compotes and other food intended for young children.

Mar 29, 2016 · Patulin is a mycotoxin included in a group of compounds commonly known as toxic lactones. Patulin is a cyclic compound that is not fluorescent. Patulin is produced by several fungi, most of which belong to the genera Aspergillus and Penicillium. Patulin actually gets its name from the mold Penicillium patulinum.