Thus, lysosomal turnover of the autophagosomal marker LC3-II reflects starvation-induced autophagic activity, and detecting LC3 by immunoblotting or immunofluorescence has become a reliable method for monitoring autophagy and autophagy-related processes, including autophagic cell …

The lipid modified form of LC3, referred to as LC3-II, is believed to be involved in autophagosome membrane expansion and fusion events. [11] However, the exact role of LC3 in the autophagic pathway is still discussed, and the question of whether LC3 is required for autophagy is debated since knockdown of MAP1LC3B is compensated by the other ...

Microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3) is now widely used to monitor autophagy. One approach is to detect LC3 conversion (LC3-I to LC3-II) by immunoblot analysis because the amount of LC3-II is clearly correlated with the number of autophagosomes.

Among several Atg core proteins, the Atg8/MAP1LC3 (microtubule associated protein 1 light-chain 3, hereafter referred to as LC3) conjugation system is required for elongation and maturation of the autophagosome. Atg8/LC3 is cleaved by ATG4 (B) protease to expose a C-terminal glycine residue.

The form LC3-II is one of the main components of the autophagosome membrane (LC3A-II and LC3B-II, also LC3C-II but not studied here) that resides in both the inner and outer site of the membrane. The LC3-II is derived from a proLC3 ~30KDa protein after cleavage by autophagin Atg4 to produce the active cytosolic form LC3-I.

Jul 12, 2019 · LC3-II, a standard marker for autophagosomes, is generated by the conjugation of cytosolic LC3-I to phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) on the surface of nascent autophagosomes.

Microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (LC3) is a soluble protein with a molecular mass of ∼17 kDa that is distributed ubiquitously in mammalian tissues and cultured cells. During autophagy, autophagosomes engulf cytoplasmic components, including …

Feb 4, 2025 · Nature Communications - LC3 is required for canonical and non-canonical autophagy. Here, the authors uncover LAPTIN, a function of LC3 triggered by integrin LFA1 outside-in signaling, which...

Jan 30, 2015 · When the autophagosome fuses with the lysosome, LC3-II on the outer face of the autolysosome is released by the action of ATG4; however, LC3 on the inner face is retained and eventually degraded by lysosomal enzymes.

Nov 1, 2000 · Here we demonstrate that the rat microtubule‐associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3), a homologue of Apg8p essential for autophagy in yeast, is associated to the autophagosome membranes after processing. Two forms of LC3, called LC3‐I and ‐II, were produced post‐translationally in various cells.