The mTORC2 pathway enhances the expression of Irf4, which is crucial for metabolic reprogramming in M2 macrophages. IRF4 has been reported to play roles in alternative macrophage activation (Satoh et al., 2010) and in mTOR-mediated regulation of glycolysis in CD8 + T cells (Man et al., 2013; Yao et al., 2013). We hypothesized that IRF4 could be ...

Oct 18, 2016 · IL-4 and CSF-1 promote glucose metabolism during M2, or M (IL-4), macrophage activation. Macrophage activation status is intrinsically linked to metabolic remodeling.

Among them, we identified Irf4 as encoding a key transcription factor that controls M2 macrophage polarization. Collectively, these results show that Jmjd3-mediated H3K27 demethylation is crucial for regulating M2 macrophage development leading to …

May 2, 2013 · Recently, IRF4 was shown to specifically regulate M2-macrophage polarization in response to hemlinthic infection as well as exposure to a fungal and parasitic cell wall component, chitin.

Interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) also known as MUM1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IRF4 gene. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ 7 ] IRF4 functions as a key regulatory transcription factor in the development of human immune cells.

Oct 18, 2016 · Macrophages stimulated by interleukin 4 (IL-4) to become alternatively (or, M2) activated increase fatty acid oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation; these metabolic changes are critical for M2 activation. Enhanced glucose utilization is also characteristic of the M2 metabolic signature.

Sep 8, 2022 · Here, we explored the role of Jumonji domain containing 3 (Jmjd3)/interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) axis in activation of myeloid fibroblasts and transition of M2 macrophages into myofibroblasts transition (M2MMT) in kidney fibrosis.

Proper Mφ polarization is essential to effective wound healing, and distinct phenotypes, such as the angiogenic M2d Mφ, may be of critical importance to this process. The IRF5 transcription factor has been shown to play a key role in M1 Mφ activation and the Jumonji domain containing-3-IRF4 pathway has been implicated in M2 Mφ activation.

Mar 24, 2025 · Artesunate, an FDA-approved drug, is screened as a potent activator of IRF4 expression in M2 polarization, and its treatment attenuated arterial restenosis in rodents and non-human primates.

Aug 22, 2010 · Among them, we identified Irf4 as encoding a key transcription factor that controls M2 macrophage polarization. Collectively, these results show that Jmjd3-mediated H3K27 demethylation is...