Mar 25, 2025 · Gas, one of the three fundamental states of matter, with distinctly different properties from the liquid and solid states. The remarkable feature of gases is that they appear to have no structure at all. They have neither a definite size nor shape, whereas ordinary solids have both a definite size

gas, One of the three fundamental states of matter, in which matter has no definite shape, is very fluid, and has a density about 0.1% that of liquids. Gas is very compressible but tends to expand indefinitely, and it fills any container.

Mar 25, 2025 · The ideal gas equation of state is an amalgamation of three ideal gas laws that were formulated independently. The first is Boyle’s law , which refers to the elastic properties of the gas; it was described by the Anglo-Irish scientist Robert Boyle in 1662 in his famous “ . . .

Mar 25, 2025 · Gas - Continuity, Liquid, States: It may be somewhat surprising to learn that there is no fundamental distinction between a gas and a liquid. It was noted above that a gas occupies a volume about 1,600 times greater than that of an equal weight of liquid.

Changes of State. When a gas is cooled below a certain temperature, it can change state from the gaseous to the liquid state. This temperature is the boiling point of the substance. As the temperature of the gas approaches this point, the particles in the gas move at a slower speed.

The simplest known example of an equation of state is the one relating the pressure P, the volume V, and the absolute temperature T of one mole of an ideal gas—that is, the ideal gas law PV = RT, in which R is the universal gas constant.

Mar 25, 2025 · The ideal gas equation of state can be deduced by calculating the pressure as caused by molecular impacts on a container wall. The internal energy and Dalton’s law of partial pressures also emerge from this calculation, along with some free-molecule phenomena.

Apr 3, 2025 · Iodine - Element, Halogen, Gas: Iodine is a nonmetallic, nearly black solid at room temperature and has a glittering crystalline appearance. The molecular lattice contains discrete diatomic molecules, which are also present in the molten and the gaseous states.

Mar 18, 2025 · Plasma, in physics, an electrically conducting medium in which there are roughly equal numbers of positively and negatively charged particles, produced when the atoms in a gas become ionized. It is sometimes referred to as the fourth state of matter, distinct from the solid, liquid, and gaseous states.

Mar 25, 2025 · Suppose that two containers of the same gas but at different temperatures are connected by a tiny hole and that the gas is brought to a steady state. If the hole is small enough and the gas density is low enough that only effusion occurs, the equilibrium pressure will be greater on the high-temperature side.