Nov 12, 2020 · Consonants are ordered according to mean age of acquisition at the 90% criterion. Reprinted with permission from Crowe and McLeod (2020). At the 75% criterion, Prather et al. (1975) indicated /θ, z, ʍ/ were not achieved by 4;0 (48 months).

Conclusions These findings echo the cross-linguistic findings of McLeod and Crowe (2018) across 27 languages that children had acquired most consonants by 5;0.

findings of McLeod and Crowe (2018) across 27 languages that children had acquired most consonants by 5;0. On average, all plosives, nasals, and glides were acquired by 3;11; all affricates were acquired by 4;11; all liquids were acquired by 5;11; and all fricatives were acquired by 6;11 (90% criterion). As speech-language pathologists apply

Crowe, K., & McLeod, S. (2020). Children's English consonant acquisition in the United States: A review. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology. https://doi.org/10.1044/2020_AJSLP-19-00168

This information supplements the review of consonant acquisition across 27 languages (McLeod & Crowe, 2018) and should be used alongside other information about children’s speech acquisition; for example, typically developing 4- to 5-year-old children

“Five-year-old children have acquired most consonants within their ambient language; however, individual variability should be considered” (McLeod & Crowe, 2018, p. 1546). A summary of English studies of speech acquisition

Oct 12, 2021 · In a follow-up article (Crowe & McLeod, 2020), English consonant acquisition norms were compiled from 17 studies and a mean age of acquisition based on a criteria of 90%. The chart below outlines the McLeod & Crowe Norms for each phonetic target (articulation).

Nov 12, 2020 · Variation was evident across studies resulting from different assessments, criteria, and cohorts of children. Conclusions These findings echo the cross-linguistic findings of McLeod and Crowe (2018) across 27 languages that children had acquired most consonants by 5;0.

Crowe K, McLeod S. Children's English consonant acquisition in the United States: A review. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology. 2020 Nov 12;29(4):2155-2169. Epub 2020 Jul 31. doi: 10.1044/2020_AJSLP-19-00168

Apr 25, 2019 · This Speech Sound Development Chart was updated October 2020 based on Crowe and Mcleod’s Children’s English Consonant Acquisition in the US: A Review as found in the American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology.