May 1, 2015 · Venera 7 was the first spacecraft to return data after landing on another planet. The spacecraft was very similar in design to Venera 5 and 6, with a bus holding a spherical lander …

Jul 15, 2015 · Lithium nitrate trihydrate melts at 30° C, absorbing a large amount of heat, due to its high latent heat of fusion. Besides large "heat accumulators" of this material in the capsule, …

Apr 25, 2020 · Multiple measures were taken to maximize the lander’s survivability in the hot atmosphere: a thick insulation layer, pre-cooling of the capsule, active heat distribution, and a …

The Venera 7 probe, launched in August 1970, was the first one designed to survive Venus's surface conditions and to make a soft landing.

Venera 7 (Russian: Венера-7, lit. 'Venus 7') was a Soviet spacecraft, part of the Venera series of probes to Venus . When it landed on the Venusian surface on 15 December 1970, it became …

The Russian Venera landers from 1961 to 1983 stand out as successful past missions to Venus. The Venera 4 probe was the first to conduct direct sampling of the atmosphere of Venus. § …

Abstract—The U.S and the U.S.S.R. have sent seventeen successful atmospheric entry missions to Venus. Past missions to Venus have utilized rigid aeroshell systems for entry. This rigid …

Page 1 of 12 phase change material (PCM), lithium nitrate trihydrate, was introduced as an efficient heat sink. Similarly, Venera 9 and 10 contained large PCM heat absorbers while the …

Venera 7 was launched from a Tyazheliy Sputnik towards Venus to study the Venusian atmosphere and other phenomena of the planet. Venera 7 entered the atmosphere of Venus …

Landing a ship in such a place and keeping it functioning for even a few seconds was the challenge the Soviets faced with their Venera series. Venera 7 managed the landing and, as …