Proin (PRN Pharmacal, prnpharmacal.com) is the only veterinary Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride medication marketed in the United States to treat urinary incontinence due to hypotonicity of the urethral sphincter.

In dogs referred for the investigation of urinary incontinence, urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence (USMI) is the commonest diagnosis made in adults and is second only to ureteral ectopia in juveniles, particularly in females 1. It can present as a congenital or acquired condition.

Urethral incompetence is the most common reason for urinary incontinence in the dog. Management of these patients can start out as being relatively straightforward; however, many dogs need adjustments in their therapy as they age or develop additional health concerns.

Alpha agonists and reproductive hormones are the most common agents used for the treatment of USMI, the most common form of urinary incontinence in mature female dogs. Reported success rates of the alpha agonist phenylpropanolamine (PPA) …

Jan 13, 2024 · In a small study evaluating 8 male dogs with USMI, treatment with 1.5 mg/kg testosterone cypionate IM every 4 weeks resulted in a good to excellent response in 3 dogs and a slight response in 1 dog. 91 A poor response was noted in the other dogs but no adverse effects were reported, suggesting this treatment might be an option for male dogs ...

Urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence (USMI) is a diagnosis of exclusion once all other disorders have been ruled out. UI can occur after spaying the female dog, and the onset of clinical signs can vary from immediately after spaying to 10 years after the surgery.

Urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence (USMI) is the most common cause of urinary incontinence in spayed female dogs.1 Studies have estimated the prevalence of USMI in dogs to be between 5.1% and 20%, with large-breed dogs being predisposed.1-3 While the pathophysiology of USMI is multifactorial, medical

Urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence (USMI) is the most common cause of urinary incontinence in dogs affecting up to 20% of neutered female dogs and 30% of those over 20 kg. It is less commonly reported in intact and neutered dogs of both sexes.

USMI is the most common cause of urinary incontinence in adult female dogs ~80% of cases. Cause: inadequate function of external urethral sphincter. May be linked to bladder neck position and neutering. Signs: dribbling urine when relaxed - particularly lying down or incontinence at night. Diagnosis: signs, response to treatment. USMI is a ...

USMI is when the urethra (the tube that carries urine out of the body) becomes weak, and leaky. Fortunately, treatment for USMI is often very successful. USMI can affect any dog, but it’s especially common in large breed, older, neutered, female …