Rete pegs (also known as rete processes or rete ridges) are the epithelial extensions that project into the underlying connective tissue in both skin and mucous membranes. In the epithelium of the mouth, the attached gingiva exhibit rete pegs, while the sulcular [2] …

Jan 1, 2023 · Rete ridges (RRs) are distinct undulating microstructures at the junction of the dermis and epidermis in the skin of humans and certain animals. This structure is essential for enhancing the mechanical characteristics of skin and preserving homeostasis.

The epidermis forms an undulating appearance, with intermittent regular protrusions of the epidermis layer (rete ridges or pegs) into the upper layers of the underlying dermis. In some areas of the body such as the palms and soles, the rete pegs are less pronounced.

Rete ridges surround the dermal papillae, which can be seen as small extensions protruding from the papillary dermis within the epidermis. These two structures are perfectly embedded; the alternation of a rete ridge with a dermal papilla creates a …

Quiescent human interfollicular epidermis SCs, located at the top of rete ridges, express high levels of α6 and β1 integrins and proliferative markers such as Leu-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains 1 (LRIG1) and melanoma-associated chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan (MCSP).

On light microscopy, it shows marked hyperkeratosis, uneven acanthosis, elongated rete ridges ending at different levels, and moderate dermal infiltrate of lymphocytes and histiocytes causing basal layer vacuolation and making the border unclear.

During human skin development, specific interactions between epidermal and dermal cell lineages give rise to fully functional skin that contains specialized appendages, including hair follicles, sweat glands, and rete ridges.

In this paper, we make a hypothesis that the morphogenesis of rete ridge is elicited by the physical forces and proceed with the internal pushing forces derived from the keratinocyte division, among these process, the activated ERK and PC cascades, accompanied with the MMPs liberated growth factors are working together to induce the ...

Jul 24, 2019 · The pigment network consists of intersecting brown lines forming a grid-like reticular pattern (Kittler et al., 2016a). Histologically, the lines correspond to increased pigmentation (melanin within the keratinocytes or the melanocytes) along …

Jan 1, 2023 · Rete ridges (RRs) are distinct undulating microstructures at the junction of the dermis and epidermis in the skin of humans and certain animals. This structure is essential for enhancing the mechanical characteristics of skin and preserving homeostasis.