Restraining bends are widespread on the Earth's surface, from sub-outcrop-scale examples to large scale mountain ranges. They have been theorized to occur on extraterrestrial bodies, like Jupiter's icy moon Europa and on Venus. [3]

Bends that accommodate local contraction are referred to as restraining bends, and those that accommodate extension are referred to as releasing bends (Fig. 1; Crowell 1974; Christie-Blick & Biddle 1985).

Releasing bends or offsets form where the sense of shear on a strike-slip fault results in a component of fault-parallel extension (Figure 1C), whereas restraining bends or offsets form where the shear results in a com-ponent of fault-parallel contraction (Figure 1D).

A restraining bend or step results compressional stresses, often causing uplift in that region. For a right-lateral strike-slip fault, a right bend or step is releasing; likewise, for a left-lateral fault, a left bend or step is releasing.

If a dextral fault steps to the left, or a sinistral fault steps to the right, the resulting bend is said to be restraining, and the rocks adjacent to the fault are affected by transpression. A restraining bend typically develops a localized uplift.

Sep 1, 2024 · The results indicate that strike-slip bend associated structures can be categorized into the transpressional and transtensional ones forming at restraining and releasing bends of strike-slip-dominated faults, respectively, and they show different characteristics with the change of stress regimes.

Jan 1, 2007 · This volume addresses the tectonic complexity and diversity of strike-slip restraining and releasing bends with 18 contributions divided into four thematic sections: (1) a topical review of fault bends and their global distribution; (2) bends, sedimentary basins and earthquake hazards; (3) restraining bends, transpressional deformation and ...

May 31, 2024 · To address this knowledge gap, we investigated the structure, morphology, and kinematics of 22 basement-cored restraining bends on low net-slip faults (<10 km) within the southern Eastern California shear zone (SECSZ) via mapping, topographic analyses, and 3D numerical modeling.

Nov 22, 2022 · Lebanon restraining bend represents the most prominent topographic transpressional feature along the Dead Sea Transform (DST). It consists of two mountain ranges: the Mount Lebanon and...

Restraining- and releasing bends with similar morphology and structure have been described by many previous studies of strike-slip faults in a variety of active and ancient tectonic settings.