There are many types of pit latrines. When excrement fall directly into a pit beneath the user, it’s referred to as a direct pit latrine. When excreta goes through pipe or a channel to a pit a …

Ventilated Improved Pit (VIP) Latrine Ventilated improved pit latrines, commonly known as VIP latrines, are an improvement to overcome the disadvantages of the simple pit latrines. The …

The on-site sanitation system has, over the years, been developed and improved into a lot of different designs like ventilated improved pit latrine, pour-flush single and double pit latrines, …

how do septic tanks work. Anaerobic bacteria degrade the organic matter in the sludge as well as in the scum and as a result of this bacterial action, volatile acids are formed at the first …

For a good building foundation construction, there are some requirements to be followed in general. These helps foundation to provide stability and increase bearing capacity.

Well Graded Aggregate. Dense and well graded aggregates are desirable for making concrete, as the space between larger particles is effectively filled by smaller particles to produce a well …

Preliminary Investigation. Preliminary investigation will be made and preliminary estimate will be prepared together with sketch plans by a construction professional like those at Tony’s …