ATF3 expression in astrocytes is also upregulated at the transcriptional level by NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a transcription factor which binds to the antioxidant response element (ARE) in promoters.

Nrf2 is responsible for regulating an extensive panel of antioxidant enzymes involved in the detoxification and elimination of oxidative stress and has been extensively studied in the disease contexts.

Oltipraz (4-methyl-5(pyrazinyl-2)-1-2-dithiole-3-thione) is a NRF2 inducer that enhances GSH biosynthesis and phase II detoxification enzymes, such as NQO1. Oltipraz is a promising chemopreventive agent under phase III clinical trial for the …

Mar 4, 2025 · This Review dissects the mechanistic intricacies of NRF2 signalling, its cross-talk with biological processes and its far-reaching implications for health and disease, highlighting key...

Jul 14, 2019 · This review describes the electrophilic and nonelectrophilic NRF2 activators with clinical projection in various chronic diseases. We also analyze the status of NRF2 inhibitors, which at this time provide proof of concept for blocking NRF2 activity in cancer therapy.

Notably, neurons require Nrf2-regulated antioxidant defenses during the active/dark phase rather than the rest/light phase. Is it possible that BDNF can upregulate Nrf2 in different time phases in neurons? We here discuss the possibility of such a mechanism by citing two key studies.

Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is a transcription factor that regulates the cellular defense against toxic and oxidative insults through the expression of genes involved in oxidative stress response and drug detoxification. NRF2 activation renders cells resistant to chemical carcinogens and inflammatory challenges.

Nrf2-dependent ΔZip2 expression confers resistance against gemcitabine-induced apoptosis, only partially relating to interference with ATF3 and its proapoptotic activity, e.g., through CHOP-expression. In fact, ΔZip2 autonomously activates expression of cIAP anti-apoptotic proteins.

Jul 6, 2020 · Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is a transcription factor that regulates the cellular defense against toxic and oxidative insults through the expression of genes involved in oxidative stress response and drug detoxification.

Aug 5, 2020 · Kinases PI3K, PKC, JNK, and ERK activate Nrf2 by phosphorylation. GSK-3β can promote Nrf2 translocation from the nucleus through Fyn kinase activation and lead to the deactivation of Nrf2 in the nucleus. p38-MAPK and GSK-3β inhibit Nrf2 activation. OS regulates p62 through phosphorylation, and phosphorylated p62 binds to Keap1, resulting in ...