IRS-1 and IRS-2 are critical nodes in IIS as substrates for insulin receptor and IGF-1 receptor, although the functional differences between IRS-1 and IRS-2 in the adult brain are yet to be explored.

Jan 9, 2024 · In this review, we have identified over 50 serine residues within IRS-1 that have been reported to undergo phosphorylation orchestrated by a spectrum of kinases, thereby engendering the activation or inhibition of different signaling pathways.

Jan 8, 2025 · Insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1 and IRS-2 are major molecules that transduce signals from insulin and insulin-like growth factor-I receptors. The physiological functions of these proteins...

This gene encodes the insulin receptor substrate 2, a cytoplasmic signaling molecule that mediates effects of insulin, insulin-like growth factor 1, and other cytokines by acting as a molecular adaptor between diverse receptor tyrosine kinases and downstream effectors.

Taken together, our results demonstrate that hepatic IRS-1 and IRS-2 have complementary roles in the control of hepatic metabolism, with IRS-1 more closely linked to glucose homeostasis and IRS-2 more closely linked to lipid metabolism.

Dysregulated muscular or hepatic abundance and/or phosphorylation status of IRS1 and IRS2 are important factors in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and muscle wasting.

IRS-1 and IRS-2 are large proteins with many tyrosine phosphorylation sites and are ubiquitously expressed. IRS-3 is short and only present in rodents. IRS-4 has similar dimensions as IRS-1 and IRS-2, but is only expressed in very few and specialized tissues.

Sep 14, 1995 · THE protein IRS-1 acts as an interface between signalling proteins with Src-homology-2 domains (SH2 proteins) and the receptors for insulin, IGF-1, growth hormone, several interleukins (IL-4,...

Jan 29, 1999 · Insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) is an important intracellular substrate for the insulin receptor kinase (3). IRS-1 features at least 7 tyrosine residues undergoing rapid phosphorylation upon insulin receptor activation (4) and providing binding sites for at least six distinct SH2 proteins (2, 3, 4, 5).

Dec 1, 2003 · Insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS1) is a substrate of the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase and appears to have a central role in the insulin-stimulated signal transduction pathway. Therefore, the IRS1 gene has been studied extensively as a candidate gene for type 2 diabetes.