The Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) env gene encodes the only surface-expressed viral protein Env, a glycoprotein of 160 kD (gp160), which is solely required for binding and entry into host cells.

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Env binds to cell surface–associated receptor (CD4) and coreceptor (CCR5 or CXCR4) by one of its two non-covalently associated subunits, gp120.

In vivo, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infects predominantly CD4 + T cells and cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage. This cell tropism, which is intimately linked to the pathogenesis induced by HIV-1, is determined by the viral envelope (Env) glycoproteins.

Jan 15, 2025 · Explore the multifaceted role of the HIV Env protein in viral entry, immune evasion, and its implications for vaccine development. HIV remains a significant global health challenge, with its ability to evade the immune system and persist in …

Nov 22, 2023 · Our data indicate that asymmetric HIV-1 Env trimers bound to one and two CD4 molecules are detectable intermediates during virus binding to host cell membranes, which probably has...

May 9, 2024 · HIV-1 Env consensus sequences that reflect recent sequences for clades B, C, and CRF01_AE were redesigned using AI-assisted methods to shorten hypervariable loops and limit strain-specific...

We characterized the evolution of over 12,000 HIV-1 Env, Gag, and Pol protein sequences from 1980–2020 and found that, despite a steady increase in intra-subtype and circulating recombinant form diversity, the most frequent residue at each site, …

Nov 22, 2023 · Single-particle cryo-electron microscopy structures of HIV-1 envelope (Env) trimers bound to one or two CD4 receptors identify intermediate Env conformations that precede host–virus fusion...

May 14, 2020 · During HIV-1 entry into target cells, binding of the virus to host receptors, CD4 and CCR5/CXCR4, triggers serial conformational changes in the envelope glycoprotein (Env) trimer that result in the fusion of the viral and cell membranes.

The HIV Env glycoprotein is the surface glycoprotein responsible for viral entry into CD4 + immune cells. During infection, Env also serves as a primary target for antibody responses, which are robust but unable to control virus replication.