H9N2-type influenza A viruses donate their internal genes to other influenza A virus subtypes. H9N2 is the most common subtype of influenza viruses in Chinese chickens and thus causes great economic loss for the poultry industry, even under the long-term vaccination programs.

H9N2 avian influenza viruses have become globally widespread in poultry over the last two decades and represent a genuine threat both to the global poultry industry but also humans through their high rates of zoonotic infection and pandemic potential.

Results from recent ferret research on the H9N2 subtype has demonstrated an increased theoretical threat to humans from the potential emergence of novel subtypes of avian influenza. In North America, there is no evidence of fixed lineages of the H9N2 avian influenza virus in land-based poultry; it is found in wild ducks and shore birds ( 5 ).

Apr 12, 2024 · Vietnam has reported the country's first human infection with a low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) A (H9N2) virus. At this time, there is no indication that this human infection with A (H9N2) virus in Vietnam is causing person-to …

Recent increasing human infection with H9N2 virus in China highlights the necessity to closely monitor the interspecies transmission events. Available human H9N2 sequences revealed that Y280/G9 lineage was responsible for the most of human cases.

Influenza A(H9N2) virus is a low-pathogenicity avian influenza virus endemic in poultry across the world. The virus presents ongoing zoonotic risk; according to the GISAID database (https://www.gisaid.org), ≈100 human cases were detected since 2010, and the virus’s unique evolutionary trajectory shows it could cause pandemics .

Nov 10, 2022 · Although H9N2 viruses are of low pathogenicity to birds, and have only sporadically infected humans with mild or asymptomatic cases, they have continued to contribute to zoonotic spillover events by providing gene materials for the …

Jun 11, 2024 · On 22 May 2024, the International Health Regulations (IHR) National Focal Point (NFP) for India reported to WHO a case of human infection with avian influenza A(H9N2) virus detected in a child resident of West Bengal state in India.

Sep 14, 2022 · Now is the time to contain H9N2 in China and worldwide. New, effective strategies against H9N2 avian influenza viruses are urgently required, and we recommend development and licensure of vaccines to induce not only humoral immune responses, but also T-cell responses and mucosal immunity to prevent onward viral transmission.

Apr 9, 2024 · This is the first human infection with an avian influenza A(H9N2) virus reported in Viet Nam. According to the IHR (2005), a human infection caused by a novel influenza A virus subtype is an event that has the potential for high public health impact and must be …