How do parties’ positions on the social (GAL/TAN) dimension of political contestation condition their stance on European integration? What constitutes the meaningful boundaries of the social dimension and how do these boundaries vary across countries and contexts?

Apr 11, 2023 · We estimate to what extent spatial location on the economic left–right dimension and the GAL-TAN dimension explain the patterns that emerge, and how this has changed over time.

It has now become fashionable among political scientists to complement the traditional left-right scale with a new “scale” usually called the GAL-TAN scale. The capital letters here indicate the endpoints of the “scale” and they stand for Green-Alternative-Libertarian and Traditional-Authoritarian-Nationalist respectively.

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Groups' positions result from the weighted averages of two variables in the CHES surveys: the left/right dimension and the so-called gal/tan dimension that juxtaposes...

We begin by briefly describing the 2014 wave of the CHES, with a focus on the anchoring vignettes pertaining to economic left-right, gal-tan, and European integration positions.

This article answers the question of why certain European mainstream parties have changed their policy positions on the GAL-TAN (Green/Alternative/Libertarian vs....

The Gal-tan dimension typically distinguishes voters of green-alternative-libertarian (Gal) parties that favor expanded personal freedoms, such as same-sex marriage and access to abortion,...

Jun 4, 2012 · GAL–TAN: ‘Parties can be classified in terms of their views on democratic freedoms and rights. ‘‘Libertarian’’ or ‘‘postmaterialist’’ parties favor expanded personal freedoms, for example, access to abortion, active euthanasia, same-sex marriage, or …

Feb 25, 2025 · While European party systems are organised along an economic and a cultural (GAL-TAN) dimension, public opinion exhibits weak constraint. Accepting the two-dimensional party structure as an empirical reality, we argue that parties can educate voters on how new cultural issues align within this framework.