In semiconductor production, doping is the intentional introduction of impurities into an intrinsic (undoped) semiconductor for the purpose of modulating its electrical, optical and structural properties. The doped material is referred to as an extrinsic semiconductor.

Jul 12, 2024 · Semiconductor doping is a key process in electronics. It involves adding tiny amounts of specific impurities to a pure semiconductor material, like silicon, to change its electrical properties. This process helps the semiconductor conduct electricity better and makes electronic devices like transistors and diodes work properly.

The doping with donors and acceptors allows to modify the electron and hole concentration in silicon in a very large range from 10 cm up to 10 cm. The carrier concentration can also be varied spatially quite accurately which is used to produce pn-junctions and built-in electric fields.

Doping of atomically thin two-dimensional semiconductor materials is similar to that used for silicon but has a slightly different mechanism. Three main methods with different characteristics and slightly different principles are generally used.

Doping means the introduction of impurities into the semiconductor crystal to deliberately change its conductivity due to deficiency or excess of electrons. In contrast to the doping during the wafer fabrication, where the entire wafer is doped, this article describes the partial doping of silicon.

Oct 22, 2021 · These advances in two-dimensional doping continue in this issue of Nature Electronics, where James Hone, James Teherani and colleagues report that graphene can be doped using a monolayer of...

Magnesium doped gallium nitride plays an important role to build efficient blue light-emitting diode (LED), which won Nobel Prize in physics in 2014. The rise of two-dimensional (2D) materials sheds light on their potential in next generation electronic, …

This is usually given in terms of the number of dopant \(\frac{\mathrm{atoms}}{\mathrm{cm}^2}\) to which the wafer has been exposed. After the atoms enter the silicon, they interact with the lattice, creating defects, and slowing down until finally they stop.

Mar 22, 2021 · There are two different types of semiconductors possible. One is called N-type material, and the other, P-type material. Unsurprisingly, the N stands for Negative and the P stands for (you guessed it) Positive. N-type material is created by adding pentavalent impurities, that is, a dopant with five electrons in its outer shell.

Oct 19, 2018 · Doping concentration for silicon semiconductors may range anywhere from $10^{13} cm^{−3}$ to $10^{18} cm^{−3}$. The doping level is a concentration of dopants in a semiconductor - as such it has the unit $[\frac{1}{cm^3}]$ , since it gives the number of dopant atoms per volume.