The D4a4 maternal line was formed when it branched off from the ancestor D4a and the rest of humankind around 9950 BCE.

Haplogroup D (more specifically, subclade D4) is one of five main haplogroups found in the indigenous peoples of the Americas, the others being A, B, C, and X. Among the Nepalese population, haplogroup D is the most dominant maternal lineage in Tamang (26.1%) and Magar (24.3%). [5] There are two principal branches, D4 and D5'6.

Jan 1, 2015 · D4A4-Man polyplexes produced significantly higher antibody titers than non-mannosylated variants regardless of administration route or time point. No polyplex elicited higher titers than immunization using OVA protein with adjuvant.

Apr 2, 2015 · D is an mtDNA Haplogroup. This phylogenetic tree of haplogroup D subclades is based on the paper by Mannis van Oven and Manfred Kayser Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation [PMID 18853457] and subsequent published research.

Find out which of the D4a branches and 7 countries that you belong to with the most comprehensive mtDNA test! Every new mtFull Sequence test result helps improve the tree structure and age estimates. A popular genealogy strategy is to expand your part of the tree by encouraging distant relatives to test.

Given the rise of antibiotic resistant microbes, genetic vaccination is a promising prophylactic strategy that enables rapid design and manufacture. Facilitating this process is the choice of vector, which is often situationally-specific and limited in ...

Apr 30, 2023 · Haplogroup D (more specifically, subclade D4) is one of five main haplogroups found in the indigenous peoples of the Americas, the others being A, B, C, and X. Among the Nepalese population, haplogroup D is the most dominant maternal lineage in Tamang (26.1%) and Magar (24.3%). There are two principal branches, D4 and D5'6.

Gene delivery summary. (A) Transfection efficiency (% EGFP positive cells) of commercial controls and D4A4-Man polyplexes at three different polymer-to-pDNA weight ratios. (B) Standardization of 200:1 transfection efficiency by top performing D4A4-Man (P14) variant.

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Jul 1, 2016 · We present the first disease-specific utilization of the vector toward pneumococcal disease highlighted by improved immune responses and protective capabilities when tested against traditional vaccine formulations and a range of clinically relevant Streptococcus pneumoniae strains.