From the introduction of TOPS in 1973, all British Rail diesel and electric locomotives and multiple units were allocated to a particular traction maintenance depot or TMD.

Temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMD, TMJD) is an umbrella term covering pain and dysfunction of the muscles of mastication (the muscles that move the jaw) and the temporomandibular joints (the joints which connect the mandible to the skull).

Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) is a collective term for a group of musculoskeletal conditions involving pain and/or dysfunction in the masticatory muscles, temporomandibular joints (TMJ) and associated structures.

To systematically review the scientific literature for evidence concerning the clinical use of botulinum toxin (BTX) for the management of various temporomandibular disorders (TMDs).

Mar 14, 2025 · These ten points represent a summary of the current standard of care for TMD management. 1 The key points and their main contents mirror the recommendations recently released within England by...

What is the TMJ? The temporomandibular joint or TMJ, is the joint that joins your jaw bone to the rest of your skull. You can feel it just in front of your ear hole. It can be painful for many reasons including poor posture, bad habits, growth disorder or injury and inflammation.

TMJ splints are an effective solution for temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD). These custom-made oral devices are designed to help reposition the jaw and improve TMD symptoms such as jaw pain, headaches, and clicking or popping sounds when opening the mouth.

Temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD) encompasses a group of disorders of the masticatory system, broadly divided into muscular conditions and those affecting the temporomandibular joint (TMJ).

Introduction The medical and cosmetic use of botulinum toxin (BTX) is now widespread. With an increased number of clinicians adopting the use of BTX in the management of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and/or bruxism, as either a standalone treatment or as an adjunct, affirmation is required in re …

Temporomandibular Disorder (TMD) is a broad term that encompasses disorders of the temporomandibular joint and its associated anatomical structures. The disorder may be intra-articular, due to inflammation, internal structural changes (internal derangement) or degeneration, or it may be extra- articular due to imbalance or over-activity of the ...