For convenience, in this study we use similar names for the genes and the proteins, but alternative gene names are: PD-1, PDCD1; PD-L1, PDCD1LG2/CD274; PD-L2, PDCD1LG2; SHP-1, Protein Tyrosine ...

Moyamoya disease (MMD), a chronic, progressive cerebrovascular disorder of unknown etiology, presents significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in clinical practice. Conventional diagnostic ...