Eight cases with UPJO received pyeloplasty. Three cases with nephroptosis received nephropexy. Two patients with retrocaval ureter and 2 with aberrant crossing vessels received ureteral chop ...
Shockwave lithotripsy or endourologic treatments such as percutaneous nephrostolithotomy are the primary options in most cases of renal stones. Open and laparoscopic procedures are also applied ...
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