There are two main approaches to surgery: the posterior approach, in which a portion of the posterior aspect of the spinal canal is removed in a procedure known as laminectomy, and the anterior ...

Finally, iatrogenic spondylolisthesis results from excessive removal of the posterior elements after laminectomy.

Lumbar herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP ... If there is no improvement in the patient's condition, surgery may be necessary. As with any spine surgery, patient symptoms, clinical exam, and ...