Researchers have developed a technology that they say could make more efficient and eco-friendly refrigerators.

The problem is that carrying out these calculations on a computer is very slow, he says, "and the scaling is bad: If you double the number of electrons ... sulfur, chlorine, and even platinum.

Melted plastic pipes and drastic water-pressure drops are potentially leaching toxic chemicals and contaminants into local supplies. Multiple water authorities in north Los Angeles have issued Do Not ...

Evidence for this mass transfer resistance stems not only—and not primarily—from models but also from field observations dating many millions of years of migration times of soluble species, such as ...

Why Trust Us? Thought to be caused by plasma instabilities, chorus waves—which can propel electrons to deadly speeds—typically occur due to the unstable distribution of electrons along ...

There’s the pure mystery of how it happens: The phenomenon requires electrons, which carry electrical current, to pair up. Electrons repel each other, so how can they be united? Then there’s ...

Ion chromatography can be utilized in various ways to analyze halogens and similar substances within inorganic matrices.

Fusion energy has long been hailed as the “holy grail” of clean energy. However, the problem of runaway electrons has been a major hurdle in realizing the nuclear fusion process. The latest ...

Each particle has its own charge and its own mass.