Layer 4 is also sort of the “hot” layer right now. Years ago, layer 3 was talked about a lot as layer 3 switches were new on the market and in high demand. Today, layer 4 switches are ...

HTTP is switching to a protocol layered on top of UDP. Read the whole story ...

As we have seen, there are three distinct call points inside the kernel where the filter may get invoked: the TCP and UDP (layer 4) receive functions, and the PF_PACKET (layer 2.5) receive function.

The UDP packet format contains four fields: ... TCP is a connection-oriented Layer 4 protocol that provides full-duplex, acknowledged, and flow-controlled service to upper-layer protocols.

UDP, on the other hand, is an unreliable transport layer protocol, because it never knows whether or not the recipient of its packets actually receive the data. In short, this example covers UDP, a ...

The current IP address scheme of 32-bit words is fast becoming inadequate. It would appear that 2 32 = 4 294 967 296 combinations of addresses should be enough for everybody, but in practice this is ...

Faster yet less-secure protocol. UDP is a transport layer protocol responsible for transporting data packets across network systems that are communicating using application layer protocols.

Software implementations of UDP-based application protocols DNS, NTP, TFTP, Echo (RFC862), Chargen (RFC864), and QOTD (RFC865) were specifically found to be vulnerable to such network loops.