Each of the “big three” pre-conquest civilizations—the Inca, the Aztecs, and the Maya—developed its own unique medical practices, which included everything from brain surgery to anesthesia ...

The towering castles that dot England’s landscape symbolize power, conquest, and control. For centuries, they have been viewed as monuments to the Norman elite who reshaped the country after 1066.

It is one of the best-preserved examples of pre-conquest Aztec-style writing that exists, after Catholic authorities in colonial-era Mexico dismissed such codices as the work of the devil and ...