By standardizing this ratio using Bitcoin’s price volatility (measured as the standard deviation), the Z-Score highlights periods of overvaluation or undervaluation relative to historical norms.

Dear Dr. Roach: The results for my last bone density test show not only a T-score but also a Z-score. For my spine (L1 through L4), the T-score is -3.4, while the Z-score is -1.4. Can you please ...