Finding m The graphs y = 2 x and y = 4 x are shown below: The number in front of the x is the gradient of the graph. Gradient is a measure of steepness.

Translations parallel to the y-axis If f (x) = x 2, then f (x) + a = x 2 + a. Here we are adding a to the whole function. The addition of the value a represents a vertical translation in the graph.