This engine has a transparent cylinder so that combustion can be observed. Two components of cylinder volume are important: (a) The "Displacement volume" is the volume displaced by the piston as it ...

A fundamental rule that determines the fate of the universe The second law of thermodynamics means hot things always cool unless you do something to stop them. It expresses a fundamental and ...

Air is about 79% nitrogen by volume and 21% oxygen by volume. For a stoichiometric combustion reaction in this case each mole of oxygen will be accompanied by 3.76 moles of nitrogen. The reaction ...

The thermodynamics and kinetics of a nonequilibrium classical system fundamentally constrain the precision of an observable according to the thermodynamic and kinetic uncertainty relations.