the amount of available energy decreases from one trophic level to the next. The reason for this is that only around 10 per cent of the energy is passed on to the next trophic level.

The second trophic level consists of herbivores ... Food webs can be used to reveal different patterns of energy transfer in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Patterns of energy flow through ...

Energy flow diagrams often depict secondary production as the flow leaving one trophic level and entering (being ingested by) the next. Many ecologists, however, have demonstrated that secondary ...

Producers are trophic level 1; primary consumers are trophic level 2 and so on. Feeding (consumption). Energy flow. The transfer of substances such as carbon and nitrogen. Food webs show a number ...