These lattice structures consist of beams, surfaces, or plates linked together in a particular pattern. In the case of liquid-to-liquid heat exchangers, Triply Periodic Minimal Surface (TPMS ...

Three triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMS) were chosen: Diamond, Schwartz Primitive, and Gyroid. Parameter and functionally graded lattice optimization were employed to reduce mass within ...

The surface of TPMS is very smooth. There are no sharp turns or connection points of the lattice porous structure. And the overall structure is highly interconnected. In some biological tissues in ...