Bought from Russia in 2004, India invested nearly $2 billion in upgrades, converting it into a fully operational STOBAR carrier. -The complex overhaul, plagued by delays and cost overruns ...

A CATOBAR capable J-15 fighter can operate from both the STOBAR-configured Liaoning and Shandong aircraft carriers with their ski-jumps as well as the EMALS-equipped Fujian, offering greater ...

The two carriers use a Short Take-off, Barrier-Arrested Recovery (STOBAR) catapult system that utilizes a ramp at the stern of the vessel to help propel fighter jets into the sky. In contrast to ...