Early studies showed that both DNA and RNA vaccines induced immune responses. Delivery by plasmid (a small, circular extrachromosomal DNA molecule) initially emerged as the dominant strategy ...

Plasmids coding for expressed interfering RNA (eiRNA) rarely exceed 3.5 kbp in size. The selection marker of the plasmid is another factor to be considered. Most commonly, plasmids code for an ...

This cat-RNA was introduced into a model microbial ... RAM can be used to measure differences in host ranges between DNA plasmid types. With tens of thousands of different DNA plasmids found ...

Upon sample neutralization and genomic DNA precipitation, scientists obtain plasmid DNA, albeit at a lower purity than other techniques. Additionally, researchers cannot use this method for genomic ...

RNA vaccines are a new class of vaccines that ... coding sequences to support the self-replication of the mRNA. A plasmid DNA template produced in E. coli is transcribed in vitro to generate ...

Enzymes in the nucleus convert the viral or bacterial gene that the plasmid carries into messenger RNA (mRNA). The mRNA must then travel to the cytoplasm, where enzymes convert into a bacterial or ...

A controversial theory posits that life began when RNA spontaneously began to replicate itself — and now researchers are claiming they've replicated part of that process in a lab. In interviews ...

When RNA molecules are synthesized by cells — a critical process in the creation of proteins and other cellular functions — they typically undergo a series of “folding” events that determine their ...

Despite that, the first RNA-targeting therapeutic in the market was launched only five years ago, and the vast majority of all Food and Drug Administration–approved drugs target proteins.

Geneticists have for the first time isolated and decoded RNA molecules from a creature that died out long ago. The genetic material — which came from a 130-year-old Tasmanian tiger, or thylacine ...