The passing of Pope Francis at the age of 88, on Monday, marked the end of a papacy defined by compassion, humility, and a commitment to reform. Known for his deep concern for the poor and ...

The Waldensians were formally declared to be heretics by Pope Lucius III in 1184, and again by Pope Innocent III in 1215. In 1211, more than 80 Waldensians were burned as heretics in Strasbourg ...

In 1184, Pope Lucius III sent bishops to southern France to crack down on heretics called the Cathars, who flourished in southern Europe between the 12th and 14th centuries. Cathars followed Catharism ...