An alternative to PSK that is claimed to be a simpler solution is four-level pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM-4). As the name suggests, the data is encoded as four distinct power levels.

In another study, modulation format conversion between 16-PSK and 8-PSK was achieved in an elastic optical network using a highly nonlinear fibre platform, which significantly enhanced spectral ...

Last month, I introduced an 8-PSK example. As I showed, the 8-PSK example appears to be the combination of coding and modulation that's the basis for Trellis-coded modulation (TCM). However, it's not ...

FSK/PSK modulator circuits usually employ analogue components such as VCO (voltage control oscillator), RF Mixer, and Level-shifter, with limited frequency range and whose performance drifts with ...

The CS67PLUS utilizes Phase Shift Keying (“PSK”) modulation schemes, critical in troposcatter applications for its low peak-to-average power ratio (“PAPR”).

Subscribe here to receive similar articles over e-mail whenever Krishna Pillai publishes an article on his site. The article compares various digital modulation schemes like BPSK, QPSK, PAM, 16PSK, ...

Telcoms operator Telstra will adopt a new modulation technique on its Endeavour subsea cable system, that links Australia and Hawaii. Telstra has tested the Advanced Coherent Toolkit (ACT) from ...

Telcoms operator Telstra will adopt a new modulation technique on its Endeavour subsea cable system, that links Australia and Hawaii. Telstra has tested the Advanced Coherent Toolkit (ACT) from ...