The oxygen-rich water near the lake’s surface sinks when it cools during the autumn and winter months, lifting the bottom water and allowing the lake waters to mix.

When the temperatures in the water column are at different temperatures throughout, the lake mixes from top to bottom. This allows oxygen-rich water to reach lower depths, providing nutrients to ...

Because venting groundwater is cold, oxygen-poor, and ion-rich, it is denser than normal lake water, and forms a distinct layer on the lake floor that is as much as 5 m thick, or 22% of the ...

The authors report that as the climate continues to warm, the size of “dead zones,” low-oxygen areas of lakes and oceans ill-suited to support aquatic life, will also increase. As water temperatures ...

This can have devastating impacts for cold-water species, such as lake trout, that need high-oxygen cold water to survive through the summer months. By using paleolimnology to understand how ...