Neumes were no longer relative only to one another, but to a standard. This was the beginning of the musical staff. Another example of 12th century notation. Note the variation of the letter F to ...

Known as medieval neumes, the squiggles didn't indicate the tune or the song's key, but instead outlined pacing, and whether to perform the notes fast, slow, smooth or choppy. Now, researchers ...

Western University's Archives and Research Collections Centre recently acquired two medieval neumes, which are some of the earliest forms of written music. Western music professor Kate Helsen ...

For instance, the following example from Psalm 21 shows a letter like a "T" over some neumes. This "T" refers to tenete, which means to hold and emphasise. Deus meus, clamabo per diem: O my God ...