Nature has written the entire language of life using just four chemical letters: G, C, A and T. Did our genetic code settle on these four nucleotides for a reason? Or was this system one of many ...

right alongside the usual letters. And in a study published online Wednesday in the journal Nature, they say they've put this new pair of letters into the genetic code of a strain of common lab ...

Attempts to expand the genetic alphabet bravely question the idea of the universal nature of DNA, and potentially draw criticism about the wisdom of tinkering with it. Such criticisms should be ...

The results provide a surprising picture of just how little of our genome has been 'conserved' by nature. There are 3 billion letters in the human genome, and scientists have endlessly debated how ...