The final layout is shown in Figure 10, with the size of MMIC VCO measuring 1.80 x 0.95mm. The schematic with layout parasitics is shown in Figure 11. Electromagnetic simulation (using ...

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VCOs architecture is based on an LC-tank with p-type metal-oxide–semiconductor (PMOS) cross-coupled transistors. VCOs exhibit a tuning range (TR) of 3.5 GHz by exploiting two continuous frequency ...