If we examine a small square on the surface we can consider the forces resolved in two perpendicular directions: Hoop Stress which runs around the sausage like a ring, and Longitudinal Stress ...

Full of diagrams, a dozen equations and an evocation of Pascal’s principle, the article concludes that the “hoop stress” on the casing, which tends to cause lengthwise splits, is double that of the ...

Hoop tension and compression were obtained by applying hydraulic pressure to the inside and outside of the tubes respectively; in the latter case a special jacket surrounded the tube under test.