Here, we explore six notable civilizations that have collapsed, shedding light on some of the causes behind their demise and ...

Religion has long played a pivotal role in shaping human affairs, influencing social structures, cultural practices, and ...

Arnold Toynbee has traced, through thirteen volumes, the rise of 26 civilizations throughout human history. Although Toynbee places 14 cultures in the first 3500 years of written history ...

Historian Professor Arnold Toynbee examines the history of and reasons for the current hostility between east and west, and considers how non-westerners view the western world.