This session discussed the use of single or multiple plastic stents for hilar strictures, plastic or metal stents for hilar strictures, and long-term stents for benign biliary strictures.

Malignant strictures were divided into those located in the proximal biliary ducts (hilar cholangiocarcinoma and gallbladder cancer) and distal biliary ducts (ampullary carcinoma, pancreatic cancer, ...

The potential role of photodynamic therapy as a palliative treatment for patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma is also outlined. Figure 1: Extensive (dominant) stricture of the common hepatic ...