Medically reviewed by Jeffrey S. Lander, MD Heart sounds are the noises made as blood moves through the heart with each ...

The fourth heart sound (S4), also known as the “atrial gallop,” occurs just before S1 when the atria contract to force blood into the left ventricle. If the left ventricle is noncompliant ...

A SEARCH for cardiac murmurs is frequently the major objective of cardiac auscultation, and all too often insufficient attention is given to the heart sounds. In the past few years there has been ...