But the exploration of magnetization control without any additional magnetic field has only just begun. Spin torque can be used both to switch magnetic orientation 3 and to cause the magnetization ...

A sound environment in which there are no appreciable effects on SOUND PROPAGATION from obstacles, boundaries, or reflecting surfaces. Under free-field conditions, the loss of energy with distance may ...

This provides ultra-high-resolution capabilities at low accelerating voltages in a field-free fashion – an essential feature for uncompromised imaging of all kinds of samples, including those which ...