As the number of bees and other pollinators falls, field pansies are adapting by fertilizing their own seeds, a new study found.

Comparing seeds of wild field pansies collected decades ago in France with the plants’ modern descendants, Acoca-Pidolle and his colleagues discovered that today’s flowers are smaller and ...

Field pansy plants usually reproduce sexually with one another when bumblebees and other pollinators transfer pollen among them. Alternatively, these pansies can use their own pollen to self ...

(Note: native to North America is the field pansy, Viola bicolor. V. tricolor, introduced to North America from Europe, has spread and become naturalized in some areas.) ...

They focused on field pansies (Viola arvensis) of today and compared them to field pansies grown from seeds that were harvested from 1992 to 2001.

By comparing field pansies growing in the Paris region today with pansies from the same localities resurrected in the laboratory from seeds collected 2 between 1992 and 2001, the research team ...

A study has found the flowers of field pansies growing near Paris are 10% smaller and produce 20% less nectar than flowers growing in the same fields 20 to 30 years ago. They are also less frequently ...