Festooned with Fenian symbols, those stones can evoke a solemn response, helping to make the Fenians relatable. But does the power of this symbolism make Fenianism any more historically explicable?

The ‘Fenian rising’ movement was founded in 1858 ... Laura added: “The Claddagh is a symbol that has endured through economic and social hardship and is uniquely Irish in terms of design.

Their main gift was instilling fear. Although the Fenians failed to mount a decisive military action, they became a compelling symbol for the need for Confederation. The Fenians were an Irish ...