CRY4 binds to a light-sensitive molecule called flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), and contains four crucial tryptophan residues that form a conduit between FAD and the protein’s surface.

For example, during the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl coenzyme A (CoA), several coenzymes including free CoA, thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP), lipoic acid (LA), flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD ...