The researchers explored how the circular and longitudinal muscle layers of the human esophagus behave differently when stretched. While previous studies have relied on single-direction testing, or ...

The esophagus (food tube) has special rings of muscle (sphincters) at the top and the bottom. If the esophageal sphincters don't close properly, acid can flow up the esophagus and into the throat ...

When total excision of the ring was carried out, the underlying esophageal muscle layers appeared grossly normal. Microscopically, the exact location at the esophagogastric junction was ...

the second and the third include a bite of the esophageal muscle. The bougie is passed into the stomach after the first stitch to assess the size of the wrap. If the wrap seems at all tight ...

Acid reflux, also known as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), is a common condition in pets, particularly dogs and cats.

There is no reliable treatment for ineffective esophageal motility (IEM), a disorder caused by failed smooth-muscle contraction that is common in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease.

In the course of the myotomy, there is always some bleeding from the cut muscle fibers, particularly if the esophagus is dilated and the wall is very thick. After the source of the bleeding is ...