The map starts in 1829, after the central Italian Duchy of Modena and Reggio began expanding. It then goes forward all the way through the country’s final unification under the banner of the ...

Carpi was part of the Duchy of Modena, which sided with the unification forces against the papacy, whose territory was reduced to the 108 acres of Vatican City after the wars. The region northwest ...

which belongs to a noble family who ruled the Duchy of Modena for four centuries. He had a hunch that it was more important than had previously been assumed, with the main clue being the quality ...

Piedmont, the Venetian Republic, Mantua, Modena, the Grand Duchy of Florence, the kingdom of Naples, the Papal States - the arrival of Italy as a unified state is a surprisingly recent affair.