The inner membrane is loaded with the proteins that make up the electron transport chain and help generate energy for the cell. The double membrane enclosures of mitochondria and chloroplasts are ...

These specialized structures are enclosed by double membranes, and they are believed to have originated back when all living things on Earth were single-celled organisms. At that time, some larger ...

The finding shows that because sporulation results in a second membrane covering a cell, the common ancestor of bacteria with a single or double membrane could have been a spore-forming bacterium ...

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All that said, when it comes to antibiotic resistance, gram-negative bacteria have an edge thanks to their double membranes. The outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria physically blocks some ...